Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Diagram
A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a detailed drawing that shows the piping and instrumentation of a processing plant. This drawing is developed during
Basics
Light Dependent Resistor LDR- Type, Symbol, Construction, Working
Light dependent resistor LDR or photoresistor changes its resistance when light falls on it, thus it detects the presence of light. In this article, we
Annunciator Panel- Purpose, Working Principle, Applications
Annunciator Panel has a grouping of annunciator lights that indicates the status of the system or equipment. It is used in process industries, buildings and
Why 24 Volts DC Power Supply is Used?
This article describes reasons for the use of 24 volts DC power supply in electronics, instrumentation, and automation. As we know, all major industrial automation
What are FAT and SAT? Differences, Objectives & Advantages
Taking care of the quality of products, services, and care is essential. However, the FAT and SAT inspections are essential to be able to verify
Instrument Numbering Philosophy
Instrument Numbering is the most important for preparing P&ID and other documents related to instruments. In industry, we have many plants. Each plant has different units.
What is Smart Sensor? Working & Its Applications
A smart sensor takes inputs from the physical environment and process the data using built-in compute resources and outputs processed data for further use. What
Difference between the Sinking and Sourcing
This article describes the differences between the sinking and sourcing concepts. The sinking and sourcing circuits are used in numerous applications. Sinking and Sourcing Current
Difference between Adhesion and Cohesion
Adhesion and cohesion are two important phenomena that are categorized as forces of attraction existing between different types of molecules in nature. Both adhesion and
Methods of Measurement
This article describes the various methods of measurement. Instrumentation & control engineers are responsible for designing and maintaining control systems that are used to measure